Displaying all 309 references.

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Adams, H.D., Macalady, A.K., Breshears, D.D., Allen, C.D., Stephenson, N.L., Saleska, S.R., Huxman, T.E., and McDowell, N.G. 2010. Climate-induced tree mortality: earth system consequences. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union 91: 153-154.

Adams, H.D., Macalady, A.K., Breshears, D.D., Allen, C.D., Stephenson, N.L., Saleska, S.R., Huxman, T.E., and McDowell, N.G. 2010. Forest mortality feedbacks to the earth system under global climate change. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union 91: 153-154.

Adams, M.J., Hossack, B.R., Knapp, R.A., Corn, P.S., Diamond, S.A., Trenham, P.C., and Fagre, D.B. 2005. Distribution patterns of lentic-breeding amphibians in relation to ultraviolet radiation exposure in Western North America. Ecosystems 8: 488-500.

Advani, S. Soil respiration responses to fertilization: A comparison of two forests with different nitrogen deposition histories. 2005. Colorado State University. Ref Type: Thesis/Dissertation

Alftine, K.J., Malanson, G.P., and Fagre, D.B. 2003. Feedback-driven response to multidecadal climatic variability at an alpine treeline. Physical Geography 24: 520-535.

Allen, C.D. 2003. Where have all the grasslands gone? In Forging a West that works: An invitation to the radical center. The Quivira Coalition, Santa Fe, NM. pp. 119-126.

Allen, C.D. 2004. Ecological patterns and environmental change in the Bandelier landscape. In Archaeology of Bandelier National Monument: Village formation on the Pajarito Plateau, New Mexico. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM. pp. 19-67.

Allen, C.D. 2005. A thousand years in the life of the Bandelier landscape. In The peopling of Bandelier: New approaches to the archeology of the Pajarito Plateau. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe, NM. pp. 11-18.

Allen, C.D. 2006. Climate and land use interactions with vegetation change and disturbance processes in mountain ecosystems of the Southwestern USA. In Global Change in Mountain Regions. Sapiens Publishing, Dumfrieshire, UK. pp. 31-32.

Allen, C.D. 2007. Cross-scale interactions among forest dieback, fire, and erosion in northern New Mexico landscapes. Ecosystems 10: 797-808.

Allen, C.D. 2009. Climate-induced forest dieback: an escalating global phenomenon? Unasylva 231/232: 43-49.

Allen, C.D., Anderson, R.S., Jass, R.B., and Toney, J.L. 2008. Paired Charcoal and Tree-Ring Records of High-Frequency Fire from Two New Mexico Bog Sites. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17: 115-130.

Allen, C.D., Macalady, A.K., Chenchouni, H., Bachelet, D., McDowell, N., Vennetier, M., Kitzberger, T., Rigling, A., Breshears, D.D., Hogg, E.H., Gonzalez, P., Fensham, R., Zhang, Z., Lim, J.-H., Castro, J., Demidova, N., Allard, G., and Running, S.W. 2010. A global overview of drought and heat-induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. Forest Ecology and Management 259: 660-684.

Anderson, R.S., Allen, C.D., Toney, J.L., Jass, R.B., and Bair, A.N. 2008. Holocene vegetation and forest fire regimes in subalpine and mixed conifer forest sites, southern Rocky Mountains, USA. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17: 96-114. Notes: For invited special issue on "Fire Climatology" in International Journal of Wildland Fire

Anderson, R.S., Toney, J.L., Jass, R.B., Allen, C.D., Cisneros-Dozal, L.M., Hess, M., Fessenden, J., and Heikoop, J. 2008. Development of the mixed conifer forest in northern New Mexico, and its relationship to Holocene climate change. Quaternary Research 69: 263-275.

Barclay, A.D., Betancourt, J.L., and Allen, C.D. 2004. Effects of seeding with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) on vegetation recovery following fire in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest. International Journal of Wildland Fire 13: 1-12.

Baron, J.S. 2006. Hindcasting Nitrogen Deposition to Determine an Ecological Critical Load. Ecological Applications 16: 433-439.

Baron, J.S. 2009. Strategies for Public Land Management for Adaptation to Climate Change. In Management Responses to Climate Variability. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Portland, OR.

Baron, J.S. Interactions between atmospheric nitrogen deposition and climate change in the Colorado Front Range. 2008. Ref Type: Internet Communication Notes: Talkingpoints editorial for environmentalresearchweb.org

Baron, J.S., Allen, C.D., Fleishman, E., Gunderson, L., McKenzie, D., Meyerson, L., Oropeza, J., and Stephenson, N. 2008. National Parks. In Preliminary review of adaptation options for climate-sensitive ecosystems and resources. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA. pp. 4-1-4-68. Notes: J.S. Baron, L.A. Joyce, B.D. Keller, M.A. Palmer, C.H. Peterson, and J.M. Scott (Authors)

Baron, J.S., Botte, J., and Shory, R. 2004. Effects of atmospheric nitrogen deposition on high elevation Colorado forests. Edited by W. R. Keammerer and J. Todd. Fort Collins, CO: Colorado State University. pp. 10-14.

Baron, J.S., Del Grosso, S., Ojima, D.S., Theobald, D.M., and Parton, W.J. 2004. Nitrogen emissions along the Colorado Front Range: response to population growth, land and water use change, and agriculture. In Ecosystem interactions and land use change. American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC. pp. 117-127.

Baron, J.S., Driscoll, C.T., and Stoddard, J.L. 2011. (In press). Inland Surface Waters. In Assessment of N deposition effects and empirical critical loads of N for ecoregions of the United States. USDA Forest Service.

Baron, J.S., Gunderson, L., Allen, C., Fleishman, E., McKenzie, D., Meyerson, L., Oropeza, J., and Stephenson, N. 2009. Options for national parks and reserves for adapting to climate change. Environmental Management 44: 1033-1042.

Baron, J.S., Joyce, L.A., Keller, B.D., Palmer, M.A., Peterson, C.H., and Scott, J.M. 2008. CCSP, 2008: Preliminary review of adaptation options for climate-sensitive ecosystems and resources. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research.

Baron, J.S., Julius, S.H., West, J.M., Joyce, L.A., Blate, G., Peterson, C.H., Palmer, M., Keller, B.D., Kareiva, P., Scott, J.M., and Griffith, B. 2008. Some guidelines for helping natural resources adapt to climate change. IHDP Update Magazine Fall.

Baron, J.S., Nydick, K.R., Rueth, H.M., Lafrancois, B.M., and Wolfe, A.P. 2005. High elevation ecosystem responses to atmospheric deposition of nitrogen in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA. In Global Change and Mountain Regions: An Overview of Current Knowledge. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 429-436.

Baron, J.S., Peterson, D.L., and Wilson, J.T. Western Mountain Initiative: predicting ecosystem responses to climate change. USGS Fact Sheet 2008-3093. 2008. Ref Type: Pamphlet

Baron, J.S., Schmidt, T.W., and Hartman, M.D. 2009. Climate-Induced Changes in High Elevation Stream Nitrate Dynamics. Global Change Biology 15: 1777-1789.

Baron, J.S., Tague, C., Christensen, L., Stephenson, N., Allen, C., Fagre, D., Peterson, D., and McKenzie, D. Addressing the vulnerability of Western mountain ecosystems and water resources to climate change with RHESSys, the Regional Hydro-Ecological Simulation System. Brady, S. R. Proceedings of the Second All-USGS Modeling Conference, February 11-14, 2008 - Painting the Big Picture. 2009-5013, 3. 2009. U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report. Ref Type: Generic

Basagic, H.J. and Fountain, A.G. (In press). Quantifying Twentieth Century Glacier Change in the Sierra Nevada, California. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research . 2011. Ref Type: In Press

Bentz, B., Allen, C.D., Ayres, M., Berg, E., Carroll, A., Hansen, M., Hicke, J., Joyce, L., Logan, J., MacFarlane, W., MacMahon, J., Munson, S., Negron, J., Paine, T., Powell, J., Raffa, K., Régnière, J., Reid, M., Romme, W., Seybold, S., Six, D., Tomback, D., Vandygriff, J., Veblen, T., White, M., Witcosky, M., and Wood, D. 2009. Beetle Outbreaks in Western North America: Causes and Consequences. Univ. of Utah Press, Salt Lake City, UT.

Bentz, B.J., Régnière, J., Fettig, C.J., Hansen, E.M., Hayes, J.L., Hicke, J.A., Kelsey, R.G., Negrón, J.F., and Seybold, S.J. 2010. Climate change and bark beetles of the western United States and Canada: Direct and indirect effects. BioScience 60: 602-613.

Blate, G.M., Joyce, L.A., Julius, S., Littell, J.S., McNulty, S.G., Millar, C.I., Moser, S.C., Neilson, R.P., O'Halloran, K., Peterson, D.L., and West, J. 2009. Adapting to climate change in United States national forests. Unasylva 60: 57-62.

Bond, W.J. and Keeley, J.E. 2005. Fire as global 'herbivore': The ecology and evolution of flammable ecosystems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20: 387-394.

Botte, J.A. and Baron, J.S. 2004. Quality Assurance Report, Loch Vale Watershed, 1999-2002. USGS Open-File Report 2004-1306 17.

Bowman, W.D., Baron, J.S., Geiser, L.H., Fenn, M.E., and Lilleskov, E.A. 2011. (In press). Northwestern Forested Mountains. In Assessment of N deposition effects and empirical critical loads of N for ecoregions of the United States. USDA Forest Service.

Bowman, W.D., Cleveland, C.C., Halada, L., Hreško, J., and Baron, J.S. 2008. Negative impact of nitrogen deposition on soil buffering capacity. Nature GeoSciences 1: 767-770.

Brace, S. and Peterson, D.L. 1998. Tropospheric ozone distribution in the Mount Rainier region of the Cascade Mountains, U.S.A. Atmospheric Environment 32: 3629-3637.

Bradford, J.B., Hicke, J.A., and Lauenroth, W.K. 2005. The relative importance of light-use efficiency modifications from environmental conditions and cultivation for estimation of large-scale net primary productivity. Remote Sensing of Environment 96: 246-255.

Breshears, D.D., Cobb, N.S., Rich, P.M., Price, K.P., Allen, C.D., Balice, R.G., Romme, W.H., Kastens, J.H., Floyd, M.L., Belnap, J., Anderson, J.J., Myers, O.B., and Meyer, C.W. 2005. Regional vegetation die-off in response to global-change type drought. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 102: 15144-15148.

Breshears, D.D., Myers, O.B., Meyer, C.W., Barnes, F.J., Zou, C.B., Allen, C.D., McDowell, N.G., and Pockman, W.T. 2009. Tree die-off in response to global-change-type drought: mortality insights from a decade of plant water potential measurements. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7: 185-189.

Breshears, D.D., Whicker, J.J., Zou, C.B., Field, J.P., and Allen, C.D. 2007. Wind erosion and dust flux in undisturbed and disturbed dryland ecosystems along the grassland-forest continuum: a conceptual framework spanning gradients of woody plants. Notes: For invited special feature on wind erosion in Geomorphology

Breshears, D.D., Whicker, J.J., Zou, C.B., Field, J.P., and Allen, C.D. 2010. A conceptual framework for dryland aeolian sediment transport along the grassland-forest continuum: Effects of woody plant canopy cover and disturbance. Geomorphology 105: 28-38.

Bugmann, H., Bjornsen, A., Ewert, F., Haeberli, W., Guisan, A., Fagre, D., Kääb, A., and GLOCHAMORE, P. 2007. Modeling the biophysical impacts of global change in mountain biosphere reserves. Mountain Research and Development 27: 66-77.

Bunn, A.G. Temporal and spatial patterns at alpine treeline in the Sierra Nevada USA: Implications for global change. 2004. Montana State University. Ref Type: Thesis/Dissertation

Bunn, A.G., Graumlich, L.J., and Urban, D.L. 2005. Interpreting the climatic significance of trends in twentieth-century tree growth at high elevations. The Holocene 15: 481-488.

Bunn, A.G., Waggoner, L.A., and Graumlich, L.J. 2005. Topographic mediation of growth in high elevation foxtail pine (Pinus balfouriana Grev. et Balf.) forests in Sierra Nevada, USA. Global Ecology and Biogeography 14: 103-114.

Burkett, V.R., Wilcox, D.A., Stottlemyer, R., Barrow, W., Fagre, D.B., Baron, J.S., Price, J., Nielsen, J.L., Allen, C.D., Peterson, D.L., Ruggerone, G., and Doyle, T. 2005. Nonlinear dynamics in ecosystem response to climatic change: Case studies and policy implications. Ecological Complexity 2: 357-394.

Burton, P.J., Parisien, M.A., Hicke, J.A., Hall, R.J., and Freeburn, J.T. 2008. Large fires as agents of ecological diversity in the North American boreal forest. International Journal of Wildland Fire 17: 754-767.

Butler, D.R., Malanson, G.P., and Walsh, S.J. 2007. Influences of geomorphology and geology on alpine treeline in the American West - more important than climatic influences? Physical Geography 28: 434-450.

Case, M.J. and Peterson, D.L. 2005. Fine-scale variability in growth-climate relationships of Douglas-fir, North Cascade Range, Washington. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 35: 2743-2755.

Case, M.J. and Peterson, D.L. 2007. Growth-climate relations of lodgepole pine in the North Cascades National Park, Washington. Northwest Science 81: 62-75.

Castro, J., Allen, C.D., Molina-Morales, S., Marañón, S., Sánchez-Miranda, Á., and Zamora, R. 2010. Salvage logging versus the use of burnt wood as a nurse object to promote post-fire tree seedling establishment. Restoration Ecology 1-8.

Chen, J., Avise, J., Lamb, B., Salathé, E.P., Mass, C.F., Guenther, A., Wiedinmyer, C., Lamarque, J.-F., O'Neill, S.M., McKenzie, D., and Larkin, N. 2009. The effects of global changes upon regional ozone pollution in the United States. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9: 1125-1141.

Christensen, L., Tague, C., and Baron, J.S. 2008. Spatial patterns of transpiration response to climate variability in a snow-dominated mountain ecosystem. Hydrological Processes.

CIRMOUNT Committee 2006. Mapping new terrain. Rep. PSW- MISC-77.

Cisneros-Dozal, L.M., Heikoop, J.M., Fessenden, J., Anderson, R.S., Meyers, P.A., Allen, C.D., Hess, M., Larson, T., Perkins, G., and Rearick, M. (In press). A 15, 000-yr record of climate change in Northern New Mexico, USA, inferred from isotopic and elemental contents of bog sediments. Journal of Quaternary Science.

Clow, D.W., Schrott, L., Webb, R., Campbell, D.H., Torizzo, A., and Dornblaser, M. 2003. Ground Water Occurrence and Contributions to Streamflow in an Alpine Catchment, Colorado Front Range. Ground Water 41: 937-950.

Cole, D.N., Millar, C.I., and Stephenson, N.L. 2010. Responding to climate change: a toolbox of management strategies. In Beyond Naturalness: Rethinking Park and Wilderness Stewardship in an Era of Rapid Change. Island Press, Washington, D.C. pp. 179-196.

Cole, D.N., Yung, L., Zavaleta, E.S., Aplet, G.H., Chapin III, F.S., Graber, D.M., Higgs, E.S., Hobbs, R.J., Landres, P.B., Millar, C.I., Parsons, D.J., Randall, J.M., Stephenson, N.L., Tonnessen, K.A., White, P.S., and Woodley, S. 2008. Naturalness and beyond: protected area stewardship in an era of global environmental change. George Wright Forum 25: 36-56.

Cooper, D.S., Dickens, J., Hobbs, N.T., Christensen, L., and Landrum, L. 2006. Hydrologic, geomorphic, and climatic processes controlling willow establishment in a montane ecosystem. Hydrological Processes 20: 185-164.

Cooper, S.M. and Peterson, D.L. 2000. Tropospheric ozone distribution in western Washington. Environmental Pollution 107: 339-347.

Coppock, R., Johnson, S., and others 2004. Direct and indirect human contributions to terrestrial carbon fluxes: A workshop summary. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press.

Cushman, S.A., McKenzie, D., Peterson, D.L., Littell, J., and McKelvey, K.S. 2006. Research agenda for integrated landscape modeling. 28 Mar. 2006, San Diego, CA.

Cushman, S.A., McKenzie, D., Peterson, D.L., Littell, J.S., and McKelvey, K.S. 2007. Research agenda for integrated landscape modeling. Rep. RMRS-GTR-194.

Das, A., Battles, J., Mantgem, P.J., and Stephenson, N.L. 2008. Spatial elements of mortality risk in old-growth forests. Ecology 89: 1744-1756.

Das, A., Battles, J., Stephenson, N.L., and van Mantgem, P.J. 2007. The relationship between tree growth patterns and likelihood of mortality: a study of two tree species in the Sierra Nevada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 37: 580-597.

Das, A.J. Quantifying tree mortality risk and spatial pattern in a temperate conifer forest. Ph.D. dissertation. 2007. University of California, Berkeley. Ref Type: Thesis/Dissertation

Das, B., Vinebrooke, R.D., Sanchez-Azofeifa, A., Rivard, B., and Wolfe, A.P. 2005. Inferring sedimentary chlorophyll concentrations with reflectance spectroscopy: A novel approach to reconstructing historical changes in the trophic status of mountain lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 62: 1067-1078.

Diamond, S.A., Trenham, P.C., Adams, M.J., Hossack, B.R., Knapp, R.A., Stark, S.L., Bradford, D., Corn, P.S., Czarnowski, K., Brooks, P.D., Fagre, D.B., Breen, B., Detenbeck, N.E., and Tonnessen, K. 2005. Estimated ultraviolet radiation doses in wetlands in six national parks. Ecosystems 8: 462-477.

Editorial Committee 2007. Preface.Instituto de Hidrologia, Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales IDEAM, Bogota, Colombia pp. 11-12. Notes: Dan Fagre was on the Editorial Committee

Edmonds, R.L., Francis, R.C., Mantua, N.J., and Peterson, D.L. 2003. Sources of climatic variability in river ecosystems. In Strategies for Restoring River Ecosystems: Sources of Variability and Uncertainty in Natural and Managed Systems. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD. pp. 11-37.

Elman, E. and Peterson, D.L. 2003. Post-harvest regeneration of high-elevation forests in northern Washington, USA. Forestry Chronicle 79: 268-272.

Elman, E. and Peterson, D.L. 2005. Effects of post-harvest treatments on high-elevation forests in the North Cascade Range, Washington. Journal of Ecosystems and Management 6: 33-50.

Elser, J.J., Anderson, T., Baron, J.S., Bergström, A.-K., Kyle, M., Nydick, K.R., Steger, L., and Hesson, D.O. 2009. Shifts in lake N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation driven by atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Science 326: 835-837.

Elser, J.J., Kyle, M., Steger, L., Nydick, K.R., and Baron, J.S. 2009. Nutrient availability and phytoplankton nutrient limitation across a gradient of atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Ecology 90: 3062-3073.

Enders, S.K., Pagani, M., Pantoja, S., Baron, J.S., Wolfe, A.P., Pedentchouk, N., and Nuñez, L. 2008. Compound-specific stable isotopes of organic compounds from lake sediments track recent environmental changes in an alpine ecosystem, Rocky Mountain National Park (United States of America). Limnology and Oceanography. 4: 1468-1478.

Ettl, G.J. and Peterson, D.L. 1991. Growth and genetic response of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) in a changing environment. The Northwest Environmental Journal 7: 357-359.

Ettl, G.J. and Peterson, D.L. 1995. Extreme climate and variation in tree growth: individualistic response in subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa). Global Change Biology 1: 231-241.

Ettl, G.J. and Peterson, D.L. 1995. Growth response of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) to climate in the Olympic Mountains, Washington, USA. Global Change Biology 1: 213-230.

Ettl, G.J. and Peterson, D.L. 2001. Genetic variation of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) in Olympic National Park, WA, USA: differentiation in response to an elevation gradient. Silvae Genetica 50: 145-153.

Fagre, D. 2005. Climatic Variability, Ecosystem Dynamics, and Disturbance in Mountain Protected Environments. Our Changing Planet: The U.S. Climate Change Science Program for Fiscal Year 2006, Report by the Climate Change Science Program and Subcommittee on Global Change Research, Supplement to the President's Budget for Fiscal Year 2006.

Fagre, D. 2007. Ecosystem Responses to Global Climate Change. In Sustaining Rocky Mountain Landscapes: Science, Policy and Management of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem. RFF Press, Washington, D.C., USA. pp. 187-200. Notes: 321 pp.

Fagre, D. 2007. Modeling and monitoring biophysical dynamics and change. In Sustaining Rocky Mountain Landscapes: Science, Policy and Management of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem. RFF Press, Washington, D.C., USA. pp. 171-186.

Fagre, D.B. 2004. USA : Glacier National Park, Biosphere Reserve and GLORIA site. Entlebuch Biosphere Reserve, Switzerland pp. 99-108.

Fagre, D.B. 2006. Climatic variability drives changes in the Northern Rocky Mountains of the USA. In Global change in mountain regions. Sapiens Publishing, London, UK. pp. 243-244.

Fagre, D.B. 2007. Adapting to the reality of climate change at Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Instituto de Hidrologia, Meteorologia y Estudios Ambientales IDEAM, Bogota, Colombia pp. 221-235.

Fagre, D.B. and Peterson, D.L. 2000. Ecosystem dynamics and disturbance in mountain wildernesses: assessing vulnerability of natural resources to change. Edited by D. N. Cole and S. F. McCool. Rocky Mountain Research Station, Ogden, UT pp. 74-91.

Fagre, D.B. and Peterson, D.L. 2002. Modeling and monitoring ecosystem responses to climate change in three North American mountain ranges. In Global Mountain Biodiversity: Changes and Threats. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. pp. 249-259.

Fagre, D.B. and Peterson, D.L. 2005. Global-scale environmental changes in mountain protected areas: The CLIMET project. 23 Sept. 2004, Edited by L. Taylor and A. Ryall. Banff, Canada pp. 36-38.

Fagre, D.B. and Prato, T. 2007. Sustaining Rocky Mountain Landscapes: A Focus on the Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park.

Fagre, D.B. Global environmental effects on the mountain ecosystem at Glacier National Park. National Park Service Natural Resource Year in Review - 2002. Publication D-2283. 24-25. 2003. Washington, D.C., U.S.Department of the Interior, National Park Service. Ref Type: Generic

Fagre, D.B., Peterson, D.L., and Hessl, A.E. 2003. Taking the pulse of mountains: ecosystem responses to climatic variability. Climatic Change 59: 263-282.

Fagre, D.B., Peterson, D.L., and McKenzie, D. 2007. Integrated research on climate change in mountain ecosystems: The CLIMET project. In Integrated Research and Management in Mountain Areas. pp. 257-271.

Fagre, D.B., Running, S.W., Keane, R.E., and Peterson, D.L. 2004. Assessing climate change effects on mountain ecosystems using integrated models: a case study. In Global Change and Mountain Regions: A State-of-Knowledge Overview. Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 455-466.

Fagre, D.B., Running, S.W., Keane, R.E., and Peterson, D.L. 2005. Assessing climate change effects on mountain ecosystems using integrated models: a case study. In Global Change and Mountain Regions: An Overview of Current Knowledge. Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.

Falk, D.A., Miller, C., McKenzie, D., and Black, A.E. 2007. Cross-scale analysis of fire regimes. Ecosystems 10: 809-823.

Fawcett, P.J., Heikoop, J., Goff, F., Anderson, R.S., Hurley, L., Geissman, J.W., Johnson, C., WoldeGabriel, G., Allen, C.D., and Fessenden-Rahn, J. 2007. Two Middle Pleistocene Glacial-Interglacial Cycles from the Valle Grande, Jemez Mountains, northern New Mexico. Edited by B. S. Kues, S. A. Kelley, and V. W. Lueth. Socorro, NM pp. 409-417.

Fites-Kaufman, J.A., Rundel, P., Stephenson, N., and Weixelman, D.A. 2007. Montane and subalpine vegetation of the Sierra Nevada and Cascade ranges. In Terrestrial Vegetation of California. 3rd edition ed. University of California Press, pp. 456-501.

Fountain, A.G., Hoffman, M., Jackson, K., Basagic, H., Nylen, T., and Percy, D. 2007. Digital outlines and topography of the glaciers of the American West. US Geological Survey Open File Report 2006 1340, 23.

Fountain, A.G., Hoffman, M.J., Granshaw, F., and Riedel, J. 2009. The benchmark glacier concept - does it work? Annals of Glaciology 50: 163-168.

Furniss, M.J., Millar, C.I., Peterson, D.L., Joyce, L.A., Neilson, R.P., Halofsky, J.E., and Kerns, B.K. 2009. Adapting to climate change: a short course for land managers. Rep. PNW-GTR-789.

Gavin, D.G., Hallett, D.J., Hu, F.S., Lertzman, K.P., Prichard, S.J., Brown, K.J., Lynch, J.A., Bartlein, P.J., and Peterson, D.L. 2007. Forest fire and climate change in western North America: insights from sediment charcoal records. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5: 499-506.

Gedalof, Z., Mantua, N.J., and Peterson, D.L. 2002. A multi-century perspective of variability in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation: new insights from tree rings and coral. Geophysical Research Letters 29: 2204-2207.

Gedalof, Z., Mote, P., McKenzie, D., and Peterson, D.L. 2005. Top-down controls on wildfire in the American West. In Mixed Severity Fire Regimes: Ecology and Management. Washington State University Cooperative Extension, Pullman, WA. pp. 33-43.

Gedalof, Z., Peterson, D.L., and Mantua, N.J. 2004. Atmospheric, climatic and ecological controls on extreme wildfire years in the northwestern United States. Ecological Applications 15: 154-174.

Gedalof, Z., Peterson, D.L., and Mantua, N.J. 2004. Columbia River flow and drought since 1750. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 40: 1579-1592.

Geddes, C., Brown, D.G., and Fagre, D.B. 2005. Topography and vegetation as predictors of snow water equivalent (SWE) across the alpine treeline ecotone at Lee Ridge, Glacier National Park, Montana. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 37: 197-205.

Goodale, C.L., Thomas, R.Q., Melvin, A.M., Weiss, M.S., Adams, M.B., Baron, J.S., Emmett, B., Evans, C., Fernandez, I., Gundersen, P., Kulmatski, A., Lovett, G., McNulty, S., Moldan, F., Ollinger, S., and Schleppi, P. (In press). Nitrogen deposition and forest carbon sequestration: a quantitative synthesis from plot to global scales. Global Change Biology.

Granshaw, F.D. and Fountain, A.G. 2006. Glacier change (1958-1998) in the North Cascades National Park Complex, Washington , USA. Journal of Glaciology 52: 251-256.

Graumlich, L.J., Waggoner, L.A., and Bunn, A.G. 2005. Detecting global change at alpine treeline: Coupling paleoecology with contemporary studies. In Global Change and Mountain Regions: An Overview of Current Knowledge. Springer, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. pp. 501-508.

Gray, S.T., Graumlich, L.J., Betancourt, J.L., and Pederson, G.T. 2004. A tree-ring based reconstruction of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation since 1567 A.D. Geophysical Research Letters.

Groffman, P.M., Baron, J.S., Blett, T., Gold, A.J., Goodman, I., Gunderson, L.H., Levinson, B.M., Palmer, M.A., Paerl, H.W., Peterson, G.D., Poff, N.L., Rajeski, D.W., Reynolds, J.F., Turner, M.G., Weathers, K.C., and Wiens, J. 2006. Ecological thresholds: the key to successful environmental management, or an important concept with no practical application? Ecosystems 9: 1-13.

Hall, M.P. and Fagre, D.B. 2003. Modeled climate-induced glacier change in Glacier National Park. BioScience 53: 131-140.

Halofsky, J.E., Peterson, D.L., O'Halloran, K.A., and Hawkins Hoffman, C. (In press). Adapting to climate change at Olympic National Forest and Olympic National Park. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report Rep. RM-PNW-xxx.

Halpern, C.B., McKenzie, D., Evans, S.A., and Maguire, D.A. 2005. Early responses of forest understories to varying levels and patterns of green-tree retention. Ecological Applications 15: 175-195.

Hartman, M.D., Baron, J.S., and Ojima, D.S. 2007. Application of a coupled ecosystem-chemical equilibrium model, DayCent-Chem, to stream and soil chemistry in an alpine watershed. Ecol. Modeling 200: 493-510.

Hartman, M.D., Baron, J.S., Clow, D.W., Creed, I.S., Driscoll, C.T., Ewing, H., Haines, B.D., Lajtha, K., Knoepp, J., van Migroet, D.S., Ojima, D.S., Parton, W.J., Renfro, J., Robinson.B., Weathers, K., and Williams, M.W. 2009. DayCent-Chem Simulations of Ecological and Biogeochemical Processes of Eight Mountain Ecosystems in the United States. Rep. USGS Scientific Investigations Report SIR 2009-5150.

Hessl, A.E. and Peterson, D.L. 2004. Interannual variability in aboveground tree growth in Stehekin River Watershed, North Cascade Range, Washington. Northwest Science 78: 204-213.

Hessl, A.E., McKenzie, D., and Schellhaas, R. 2004. Drought and Pacific Decadal Oscillation linked to fire occurrence in the inland Pacific Northwest. Ecological Applications 14: 425-442.

Hessl, A.E., Milesi, C., White, M.A., Peterson, D.L., and Keane, R.E. 2004. Ecophysiological parameters for Pacific Northwest trees. Rep. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-GTR-618.

Hessl, A.E., Miller, J., Kernan, J., and McKenzie, D. 2006. Mapping wildfire boundaries from binary point data: comparing approaches. Professional Geographer 59: 87-104.

Heyerdahl, E.K., McKenzie, D., Daniels, L.D., Hessl, A.E., Littell, J.S., and Mantua, N.J. 2008. Climate drivers of regionally synchronous fires in the inland Northwest (1651-1900). International Journal of Wildland Fire 17: 40-49.

Hicke, J.A. 2005. NCEP and GISS solar radiation data sets available for ecosystem modeling: Description, differences, and impacts on net primary production. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 19: GB2006.

Hicke, J.A. and Jenkins, J.C. 2008. Mapping lodgepole pine stand structure susceptibility to mountain pine beetle attack across the western United States. Forest Ecology and Management 225: 1536-1547.

Hicke, J.A. and Lobell, D.B. 2004. Spatiotemporal patterns of cropland area and net primary production in the central United States estimated from USDA agricultural information. Geophysical Research Letters 31: L20502, doi.

Hicke, J.A. and Logan, J.A. 2009. Mapping whitebark pine mortality caused by a mountain pine beetle outbreak with high spatial resolution satellite imagery. International Journal of Remote Sensing 30: 4427-4441.

Hicke, J.A., Asner, G.P., Kasiske, E.S., French, N.H.F., Randerson, J.T., Collatz, G.J., Stocks, B.J., Tucker, C.J., Los, S.O., and Field, C.B. 2003. Postfire response of North American boreal forest net primary productivity analyzed with satellite observations. Global Change Biology 9: 1145-1157.

Hicke, J.A., Asner, G.P., Randerson, J.T., Tucker, C., Los, S., Birdsey, R., Jenkins, J.C., and Field, C. 2002. Trends in North American net primary productivity derived from satellite observations, 1982-1998. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 16: 10.

Hicke, J.A., Asner, G.P., Randerson, J.T., Tucker, C., Los, S., Birdsey, R., Jenkins, J.C., Field, C., and Holland, E. 2002. Satellite-derived increases in net primary productivity across North America, 1982-1998. Geophysical Research Letters 29: 1029-2001GL013578.

Hicke, J.A., Jenkins, J.C., Ojima, D.S., and Ducey, M. 2007. Spatial patterns of forest characteristics in the western United States derived from inventories. Ecological Applications 17: 2387-2402.

Hicke, J.A., Lobell, D.B., and Asner, G.P. 2004. Cropland area and net primary production computed from 30 years of USDA agricultural harvest data. Earth Interactions 8: aper.

Hicke, J.A., Logan, J.A., Powell, J., and Ojima, D.S. 2006. Changing temperatures influence suitability for modeled mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks in the western United States. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences 111: G02019.

Hicke, J.A., Sherriff, R.L., Veblen, T.T., and Asner, G.P. 2004. Carbon accumulation in Colorado ponderosa pine stands. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 34: 1283-1295.

Hobbs, R.J., Arico, S., Aronson, J., Baron, J.S., Bridgewater, P., Cramer, V.A., Epstein, P.R., Ewel, J.J., Klink, C.A., Lugo, A.E., Norton, D., Ojima, D., Richardson, D.M., Sanderson, E.W., Valladares, F., Vilà, M., Zamora, R., and Zobel, M. 2006. Novel ecosystems: theoretical and management aspects of the new ecological world order. Global Ecology and Biogeography 15: 1-7.

Hobbs, R.J., Cole, D.N., Yung, L., Zavaleta, E.S., Aplet, G.H., Chapin III, F.S., Landres, P.B., Parsons, D.J., Stephenson, N.L., White, P.S., Graber, D.M., Higgs, E.S., Millar, C.I., Randall, J.M., Tonnessen, K.A., and Woodley, S. (In press). Guiding concepts for park and wilderness stewardship in an era of global environmental changes. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.

Hoffman, M.J., Fountain, A.G., and Achuff, J.M. 2007. Twentieth-century variations in area of cirque glaciers and glacierets, Rocky Mountain National Park, Rocky Mountains, Colorado, USA. Annals of Glaciology 46: 349-354.

Holman, M.L. and Peterson, D.L. 2006. Sensitivity of forest growth to climatic variability in the Olympic Mountains, Washington. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 36: 92-104.

Hossack, B., Corn, P.S., and Fagre, D.B. 2006. Divergent patterns of abundance and age-class structure of headwater stream tadpoles in burned and unburned watersheds. Canadian Journal of Zoology 84: 1482-1488.

Jacobs, B.F., Romme, W.H., and Allen, C.D. 2008. Mapping old versus young piñon-juniper stands with a predictive topo-climatic model in north-central New Mexico, USA. Ecological Applications 18: 1627-1641.

Joyce, L.A., Blate, G.M., Littell, J.S., McNulty, S.G., Millar, C.I., Moser, S.C., Neilson, R.P., and Peterson, D.L. 2009. Managing for multiple resources under climate change. Environmental Management 44: 1022-1032.

Joyce, L.A., Blate, G.M., Littell, J.S., McNulty, S.G., Millar, C.I., Moser, S.C., Neilson, R.P., O'Halloran, K., and Peterson, D.L. 2008. National Forests. In Preliminary Review of Adaptation Options for Climate-Sensitive Ecosystems and Resources. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. pp. 3-1-3-127. Notes: J.S. Baron, B. Griffith, L.A. Joyce, P. Kareiva, B.D. Keller, M.A. Palmer, C.H. Peterson, and J.M. Scott [authors])

Keeley, J.E. 2004. Role of antecedent climate on fire regimes in coastal California. International Journal of Wildland Fire 13: 173-182.

Keeley, J.E. and Mantgem, P.J. 2008. Community ecology of seedlings. Seedling ecology and evolution 253-270.

Keeley, J.E., Allen, C.D., Betancourt, J.L., Chong, G.W., Fotheringham, C.J., and Safford, H.D. 2006. A 21st Century perspective on postfire seeding. Journal of Forestry 104: 103-104.

Kellogg, L.-K.B., McKenzie, D., Peterson, D.L., and Hessl, A.E. 2008. Spatial models for inferring topographic controls on low-severity fire in the eastern Cascade Range of Washington, USA. Landscape Ecology 23: 227-240.

Kennedy, M.C. and McKenzie, D. 2010. Using a stochastic model and cross-scale analysis to evaluate controls on historical low-severity fire regimes. Landscape Ecology.

Körner, C., Ohsawa, M., Spehn, E., Berge, E., Bugmann, H., Groombridge, B., Hamilton, L., Hofer, T., Ives, J., Jodha, N., Messerli, B., Pratt, J., Price, M., Reasoner, M., Rodgers, A., Thonell, J., Yoshino, M., Baron, J.S., Barry, R., Blais, J., Bradley, R., Hofstede, R., Kapos, V., Leavitt, P., Monson, R., Nagy, L., Schindler, D., Vinebrooke, R., and Watanabe, T. 2006. Mountain Systems. In Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Current State and Trends. Findings of the Condition and Trends Working Group. Island Press, Washington, DC. pp. 681-716.

Lawrence, R.L., Bunn, A.G., Powell, S., and Zambon, M. 2004. Classification of remotely sensed imagery using stochastic gradient boosting as a refinement of classification tree analysis. Remote Sensing of Environment 90: 331-336.

Lightfoot, D.C., Brantley, S.L., and Allen, C.D. 2008. Geographic patterns of ground-dwelling arthropods across an ecoregion transition in the North American Southwest. Western North American Naturalist 68: 83-102.

Littell, J. and Peterson, D. 2009. Pacific Northwest forests and climate. Western Forester 54: 1-5.

Littell, J. and Peterson, D.L. 2005. A method for estimating vulnerability of Douglas-fir growth to climate change. Northwestern U. S. Forestry Chronicle 81: 369-374.

Littell, J.S. Climate impacts to forest ecosystem processes: Douglas-fir growth in northwestern U.S. mountain landscapes and area burned by wildfire in western U.S. ecoprovinces. Ph.D. dissertation. 2006. University of Washington, Seattle. Ref Type: Thesis/Dissertation

Littell, J.S., McKenzie, D., Peterson, D.L., and Westerling, A.L. 2009. Climate and wildfire area burned in western U.S. ecoprovinces, 1916-2003. Ecological Applications 19: 1003-1021.

Littell, J.S., Oneil, E.A., McKenzie, D., Hicke, J.A., Lutz, J.A., Norheim, R.A., and Elsner, M.M. 2010. Forest ecosystems, disturbance, and climatic change in Washington State, USA. Climatic Change.

Littell, J.S., Peterson, D.L., and Tjoelker, M. 2010. Douglas-fir growth in mountain ecosystems: water limits tree growth from stand to region. Ecological Monographs 78: 349-368.

Littell, J.S., Peterson, D.L., Millar, C.I., and O'Halloran, K. (In review). U.S. national forests adapt to climate change through science-management partnerships. Climatic Change.

Little, R.L. and Peterson, D.L. 1991. Effects of climate on regeneration of subalpine forests after wildfire. The Northwest Environmental Journal 7: 355-357.

Little, R.L., Peterson, D.L., and Conquest, L.L. 1994. Regeneration of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) following fire: effects of climate and other factors. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 24: 934-944.

Little, R.L., Peterson, D.L., Silsbee, D.G., Shainsky, L.J., and Bednar, L.F. 1995. Effects of climate on radial growth of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) in the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 25: 724-735.

Malanson, G., Scott, K., Shen, Z., Fagre, D., and Holzer, K. 2006. Ordination context of GLORIA sites in Glacier National Park, USA. In Global change in mountain regions. Sapiens Publishing, London, UK. pp. 154-155.

Malanson, G.P., Butler, D.R., and Fagre, D. 2007. Alpine Ecosystem Dynamics and Change: A View from the Heights. In Sustaining Rocky Mountain Landscapes: Science, Policy and Management of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem. RFF Press, Washington, D.C., USA. pp. 85-101.

Malanson, G.P., Butler, D.R., and Walsh, S.J. 2004. Ecological response to global climatic change. In WorldMinds: Geographical Perspectives on 100 Problems, Commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the Association of American Geographers 1904 - 2004. Kluwer Academic Press, Dordrecht, The Netherlands. pp. 469-473.

Malanson, G.P., Butler, D.R., Fagre, D.B., Walsh, S.J., Tomback, D.F., Daniels, L.D., Resler, L.M., Smith, W.K., Weiss, D.J., Peterson, D.L., Bunn, A.G., Hiemstra, C.A., Liptzin, D., Bourgeron, P.S., Shen, Z., and Millar, C.I. 2007. Alpine treeline of western North America: linking organism-to-landscape dynamics. Physical Geography 28: 378-396.

Margolis, E.Q., Swetnam, T.W., and Allen, C.D. 2007. A stand-replacing fire history in upper montane forests of the Southern Rocky Mountains. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 37: 2227-2241.

Martinka, C.J., Peine, J.D., and Peterson, D.L. 1994. Toward a global network of mountain protected areas. In Mountain Environments in Changing Climates. Routledge, London, UK. pp. 422-427.

McDowell, N., Allen, C.D., and Marshall, L. 2010. Growth, carbon isotope discrimination, and climate-induced mortality across a Pinus ponderosa elevation transect. Global Change Biology 16: 399-415.

McDowell, N., Pockman, W.T., Allen, C.D., Breshears, D.D., Cobb, N., Kolb, T., Sperry, J., West, A., Williams, D., and Yepez, E.A. 2008. Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought? (Tansley review). New Phytologist 178: 719-739. Notes: Tansley review

McKenzie, D. 1998. Fire, vegetation, and scale: toward optimal models for the Pacific Northwest. Northwest Science 72: 49-65.

McKenzie, D. 2004. La historia del fuego y su relación con el clima. In Incendios forestales en México: métodos de evaluación. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF. pp. 13-28.

McKenzie, D. 2010. The effects of climatic change and wildland fires on air quality in national parks and wilderness areas. Fire Management Today 70: 26-28.

McKenzie, D. and Hessl, A.E. 2008. A neutral model for low-severity fire regimes. In Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-189, 2 Dec. 2002, Edited by M. Narog. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, San Diego, CA.

McKenzie, D. and Littell, J.S. 2009. Climate change, fire, insects, and disturbance interactions: adaptation challenges in the West. Mountain Views 3: 3-6.

McKenzie, D., Gedalof, Z., Peterson, D.L., and Mote, P. 2004. Climatic change, wildfire, and conservation. Conservation Biology 18: 890-902.

McKenzie, D., Hessl, A.E., and Kellogg, L.-K.B. 2006. Using neutral models to identify constraints on low-severity fire regimes. Landscape Ecology 21: 139-152.

McKenzie, D., Hessl, A.E., and Peterson, D.L. 2001. Recent growth in conifer species of western North America: assessing the spatial patterns of radial growth trends. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 31: 526-538.

McKenzie, D., Kopper, K.E., and Bayard, A.C. 2004. A rule-based fuzzy classification for landscape modelling of fuel succession. Sydney, Australia.

McKenzie, D., O'Neill, S., Larkin, N., and Norheim, R.A. 2006. Simulating regional haze from wildland fire emissions in the western USA. In Global Change in Mountain Regions. Sapiens Publishing, London, UK. pp. 128-129.

McKenzie, D., O'Neill, S.M., Larkin, N., and Norheim, R.A. 2006. How will climatic change affect air quality in parks and wilderness? Edited by D. Harmon. The George Wright Society, Hancock, MI pp. 186-193.

McKenzie, D., O'Neill, S.M., Larkin, N., and Norheim, R.A. 2006. Integrating models to predict regional haze from wildland fire. Ecological Modelling 199: 278-288.

McKenzie, D., Peterson, D.L., and Agee, J.K. 2000. Fire frequency in the Columbia River Basin: building regional models from fire history data. Ecological Applications 10: 1497-1516.

McKenzie, D., Peterson, D.L., and Agee, J.K. 2000. Spatial variation in fire frequency in the Interior Columbia River Basin. Edited by L. F. Neuenschwander and K. C. Ryan. University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho pp. 257-263.

McKenzie, D., Peterson, D.L., and Alvarado, E. 1996. Extrapolation problems in modeling fire effects at large spatial scales: a review. International Journal of Wildland Fire 6: 165-176.

McKenzie, D., Peterson, D.L., and Alvarado, E. 1996. Predicting the effect of fire on large-scale vegetation patterns in North America. Rep. USDA Forest Service Research Paper PNW-489.

McKenzie, D., Peterson, D.L., and Littell, J.S. 2009. Global warming and stress complexes in forests of western North America. In Wildland Fires and Air Pollution. Developments in Environmental Science, Volume 8. Elsevier Publishers, The Hague, Netherlands. pp. 317-337.

McKenzie, D., Peterson, D.W., and Peterson, D.L. 2003. Modelling conifer species distributions in mountain forests of the Pacific Northwest. Forestry Chronicle 79: 253-258.

McKenzie, D., Peterson, D.W., Peterson, D.L., and Thornton, P.E. 2003. Climatic and biophysical controls on conifer species distributions in mountain forests of Washington state, USA. Journal of Biogeography 30: 1093-1108.

McKenzie, D., Prichard, S., Hessl, A.E., and Peterson, D.L. 2004. Empirical approaches to modelling wildland fire in the Pacific Northwest: methods and applications to landscape simulations. In Emulating Natural Forest Landscape Disturbances. Columbia University Press, New York, NY.

McKenzie, D., Raymond, C.L., and Cushman, S.A. 2008. Modeling understory vegetation and its response to fire. In Models for Planning Wildlife Conservaton in Large Landscapes. Academic Press, Burlington, MA. pp. 391-414.

McKenzie, D., Raymond, C.L., Kellogg, L.-K.B., Norheim, R.A., Andreu, A.G., Bayard, A.C., Kopper, K.E., and Elman, E. 2007. Mapping fuels at multiple scales: landscape application of the Fuel Characteristic Classification System. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 37: 2421-2437.

Millar, C. and Fagre, D. 2007. Monitoring alpine plants for climate change: The North American GLORIA Project. Mountain Views - CIRMOUNT Newsletter 1: 12-14.

Millar, C.I., Stephenson, N.L., and Stephens, S.L. 2007. Climate change and forests of the future: managing in the face of uncertainty. Ecological Applications 17: 2145-2151.

Millar, C.I., Stephenson, N.L., and Stephens, S.L. 2008. Re-framing forest and resource management strategies for a climate change context. Mountain Views 2: 5-10.

Moore, D., Fleming, S., Menounos, B., Wheate, R., Fountain, A.G., Stahl, K., Holm, K., and Jakob, M. 2010. Glacier change in western North America: Influences on hydrology, geomorphic hazards, and water quality. Hydrological Processes 23: 42-61.

Moraska LaFrancois, B., Nydick, K.R., Johnson, B.M., and Baron, J.S. 2004. Cumulative effects of nutrients and pH on the plankton of two mountain lakes. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61: 1153-1165.

Mote, P.W., Parson, E.A., Hamlet, A.F., Keeton, W.S., Lettenmaier, D., Mantua, N., Peterson, D.W., Peterson, D.L., Slaughter, R., and Snover, A.K. 2003. Preparing for climatic change: the water, salmon, and forests of the Pacific Northwest. Climatic Change 61: 45-88.

Myers, M.A., Ayers, M.A., Baron, J.S., Beauchemin, P.R., Gallagher, K.T., Goldhaber, M.B., Hutchinson, D.R., LaBaugh, J.W., Sayre, R., Schwarzbach, S.E., Schweig, E.S., Thormosgard, J., van Riper III, C., and Wilde, W. 2007. US Geological Survey updates science goals for the coming decade. Science 318: 200-201.

Nakawatase, J.M. and Peterson, D.L. 2006. Spatial variability in forest growth - Climate relationships in the Olympic Mountains, Washington. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 36: 77-91.

Nichols, E., Baron, J.S., Dirzo, R., Sarukhàn, J., Persic, A., and Arico, S. 2007. New Ecological Knowledge and Practices for Society and Sustainability. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5: W5-W7.

Norheim, R.A. and Peterson, D.L. 2001. Vegetation mapping for San Juan Island National Historical Park, Washington. San Diego, CA.

Norheim, R.A., Peterson, D.L., Alcock, T.Z., and Chrisman, N.R. 2000. Metadata SWAT teams: a success story in creating a regional clearinghouse node. San Diego, CA.

Norheim, R.A., Peterson, D.L., Chrisman, N.R., Alcock, T.Z., and Schreiner, E.G. 1999. Developing an NSDI and NBII clearinghouse node for the Olympic Peninsula, Washington State.American Congress on Surveying and Mapping, Bethesda, MD.

Nydick, K., Moraska LaFrancois, B., and Baron, J.S. 2004. NO3 uptake in shallow, oligotrophic, mountain lakes: The influence of elevated NO3 concentrations. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 23: 397-415.

Nydick, K.R., Moraska LaFrancois, B., and Baron, J.S. 2004. Nitrogen regulation of algal biomass, productivity, and composition in shallow mountain lakes, Snowy Range, Wyoming, USA. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 61: 1256-1268.

Pardo, L.H., Geiser, L.H., Fenn, M.E., Driscoll, C.T., Goodale, C.L., Allen, E.B., Baron, J.S., Bobbink, R., Bowman, W.D., Clark, C., Emmett, B., Gilliam, F.S., Greaver, T., Hall, S.J., Lilleskov, E.A., Liu, L., Lynch, J.A., Nadelhoffoer, K., Perakis, S., Robin-Abbott, M.J., Stoddard, J.L., and Weathers, K.C. (In press). Synthesis. In Assessment of N deposition effects and empirical critical loads of N for ecoregions of the United States. USDA Forest Service.

Parmenter, R.R., Steffen, A., and Allen, C.D. 2007. An overview of the Valles Caldera National Preserve: the natural and cultural resources. Edited by B. S. Kues, S. A. Kelley, and V. W. Lueth. Socorro, NM pp. 147-154.

Pederson, G.T. Long-term perspectives on Northern Rockies climatic variability from tree rings in Glacier National Park, Montana. 2004. Montana State University. Ref Type: Thesis/Dissertation

Pederson, G.T., Fagre, D.B., Gray, S.T., and Graumlich, L.J. 2004. Decadal-scale climate drivers for glacial dynamics in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31.

Pederson, G.T., Gray, S.T., Fagre, D.B., and Graumlich, L.J. 2006. Long-duration drought variability and impacts on ecosystem services: A case study from Glacier National Park, Montana. Earth Interactions 10: 1-28.

Pederson, G.T., Reardon, B.A., Caruso, C.J., and Fagre, D.B. 2006. High resolution tree-ring based spatial reconstructions of snow avalanche activity in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Telluride, CO pp. 436-443.

Pederson, G.T., Whitlock, C., Watson, E., Luckman, B.H., and Graumlich, L.J. 2007. Paleo-Perspectives on Climate and Ecosystem Change. In Sustaining Rocky Mountain Landscapes: Science, Policy and Management of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem. RFF Press, Washington, D.C., USA. pp. 151-170.

Peters, D.C., Pielke Sr., R.A., Bestelmeyer, B.T., Allen, C.D., Munson-McGee, S., and Havstad, K.M. 2004. Cross-scale interactions, nonlinearities, and forecasting catastrophic events. pp. 15130-15135.

Peters, D.C., Pielke Sr., R.A., Bestelmeyer, B.T., Allen, C.D., Munson-McGee, S., and Havstad, K.M. 2007. Spatial nonlinearities: Cascading effects in the Earth system. In Terrestrial Ecosystems in a Changing World. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY. pp. 165-173.

Peters, D.C., Sala, O.E., Allen, C.D., Covich, A., and Brunson, M. 2007. Cascading events in linked ecological and socio-economic systems: Predicting change in an uncertain world. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 5: 221-224.

Peterson, D., Smith, R., Hager, S., Hicke, J., Dettinger, M., and Huber, K. 2005. Hydroclimate monitoring in Yosemite National Park : River Chemistry. Eos 86: 285-288.

Peterson, D.L. 1991. Sensitivity of subalpine forests in the Pacific Northwest to global climate change. The Northwest Environmental Journal 7: 349-350.

Peterson, D.L. 1994. Recent changes in the growth and establishment of subalpine conifers in western North America. In Mountain Environments in Changing Climates. Routledge, London, UK. pp. 234-243.

Peterson, D.L. 1995. Subalpine forests of western North America. In Our Living Resources. National Biological Service, Washington, DC. pp. 314-318.

Peterson, D.L. 1998. Climate change: potential impacts on biological systems. In The Encyclopedia of Ecology and Environmental Management. Blackwell Science, London, UK. pp. 135-136.

Peterson, D.L. 1998. Climate, limiting factors and environmental change in high-altitude forests of western North America. In Climatic Variability and Extremes: The Impact on Forests. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg. pp. 191-208.

Peterson, D.L. 2010. Managing fire and fuels in a warmer climate. Northwest Woodlands 26: 16-17. Notes: also pp. 28-29

Peterson, D.L. and Hammer, R.D. 2001. From open to closed canopy: a century of change in a Douglas-fir forest, Orcas Island, Washington. Northwest Science 262-269.

Peterson, D.L. and Johnson, D.R. 1995. An action plan for an uncertain future in the Far North. In Human Ecology and Climate Change: People and Resources in the Far North. Taylor and Francis, Washington, DC. pp. 317-322.

Peterson, D.L. and Johnson, D.R. 1995. Human ecology and climate change at northern latitudes. In Human Ecology and Climate Change: People and Resources in the Far North. Taylor and Francis, Washington, DC. pp. 3-13.

Peterson, D.L. and Johnson, D.R. 1995. Human Ecology and Climate Change: People and Resources in the Far North. Taylor and Francis, Washington, DC.

Peterson, D.L. and Littell, J. 2006. Biological change in the global greenhouse - Climate Change and Biodiversity. Book review. Conservation Biology 20: 255.

Peterson, D.L. and Peterson, D.W. 1991. The response of tree growth to global climate change: subalpine forests of the North Cascade Mountains. The Northwest Environmental Journal 7: 347-348.

Peterson, D.L. and Peterson, D.W. 1994. Effects of climate on radial growth of subalpine conifers in the North Cascade Mountains. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 24: 1921-1932.

Peterson, D.L. and Peterson, D.W. 1995. Climatic influences on radial growth of subalpine larch in the North Cascade Mountains. Ecology and Management of Larix Forests: A Look Ahead, Proceedings of an International Symposium Rep. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report GTR-INT-319.

Peterson, D.L., Allen, C.D., Baron, J.S., Fagre, D., McKenzie, D., Stephenson, N.L., Fountain, A.G., Hicke, J.A., Malanson, G.P., Tague, C.L., and van Mantgem, P.J. (In press). Response of Western mountain ecosystems to climatic variability and change: a collaborative research approach. In Ecological Consequences of Climate Change: Mechanisms, Conservation, and Management. Taylor and Francis Publishing, New York, NY.

Peterson, D.L., Arbaugh, M.J., and Robinson, L.J. 1992. Tree growth in high elevation forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA.University of Lund, Ystad, Sweden pp. 269-273.

Peterson, D.L., Arbaugh, M.J., and Robinson, L.J. 1993. Effects of ozone and climate on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) growth in the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 23: 1750-1759.

Peterson, D.L., Halofsky, J.E., and Johnson, M.C. (In press). Managing and adapting to changing fire regimes in a warmer climate. In The Landscape Ecology of Fire. Springer Verlag, New York.

Peterson, D.L., Innes, J.L., and O'Brian, K. 2004. Climate change, carbon, and forestry in northwestern North America. Rep. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-GTR-614.

Peterson, D.L., Johnson, M.C., Agee, J.K., Jain, T.B., McKenzie, D., and Reinhardt, D. 2005. Forest structure and fire hazard in dry forests of the western United States. Rep. PNW-GTR-628.

Peterson, D.L., Prichard, S.J., and McKenzie, D. 2000. Disturbance in mountain forests. In Forests in Sustainable Mountain Development. CABI Publishing, Wallingford, UK. pp. 51-58.

Peterson, D.L., Schreiner, E.G., and Buckingham, N.M. 1997. Gradients, vegetation, and climate: spatial and temporal dynamics in mountains. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 6: 7-17.

Peterson, D.L., Silsbee, D.G., and Redmond, K.T. 1999. Long-term hydrological patterns at Crater Lake, Oregon. Northwest Science 138: 121-130.

Peterson, D.L., Woodward, A., Schreiner, E.G., and Hammer, R.D. 1992. Identifying and managing for the potential impacts of global change in wilderness. In Threats to the National Wilderness Preservation System: The Managerial Response. National Park Service, Denver, CO. pp. M9-1-M9-5.

Peterson, D.L., Woodward, A., Schreiner, E.G., and Hammer, R.D. 1993. Global environmental change in mountain protected areas: consequences for management. In Parks, Peaks, and People. East-West Center, Honolulu, HI. pp. 29-36.

Peterson, D.W. and Peterson, D.L. 2001. Mountain hemlock growth responds to climatic variability at annual and decadal scales. Ecology 82: 3330-3345.

Peterson, D.W., Peterson, D.L., and Ettl, G.J. 2002. Growth responses of subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) to climatic variability in the Pacific Northwest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 32: 1503-1517.

Pfeifer, E.M., Hicke, J.A., and Meddens, A.J.H. 2010. Observations and modeling of aboveground tree carbon stocks and fluxes following a bark beetle outbreak in the western United States. Global Change Biology.

Prato, A. and Fagre, D.B. 2005. National Parks and Protected Areas: Approaches for Balancing Social, Economic, and Ecological Values. Blackwell Publishing, Oxford, UK. Notes: 416 pp.

Prato, T. and Fagre, D. 2006. Coping with climate change. ActionBioscience.

Prato, T. and Fagre, D. 2007. Achieving Ecosystem Sustainability. In Sustaining Rocky Mountain Landscapes: Science, Policy and Management of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem. RFF Press, Washington, D.C., USA. pp. 302-311.

Prato, T. and Fagre, D. 2007. Sustaining Rocky Mountain Landscapes: Science, Policy and Management of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem. RFF Press, Washington, D.C., USA.

Prato, T. and Fagre, D. 2007. The Crown of the Continent: Striving for Ecosystem Sustainability. In Sustaining Rocky Mountain Landscapes: Science, Policy and Management of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem. RFF Press, Washington, D.C., USA. pp. 3-16.

Prato, T., Fagre, D., and Sugumaran, R. 2007. Economic Growth and Landscape Change. In Sustaining Rocky Mountain Landscapes: Science, Policy and Management of the Crown of the Continent Ecosystem. RFF Press, Washington, D.C., USA. pp. 55-66.

Prato, T., Keane, R.E., and Fagre, D.B. 2008. Assessing and Managing Wildfire Risk in the Wildland-Urban Interface. Ecosystem Ecology Research Trends 275-297.

Prichard, S.J., Oswald, W.W., Gedalof, Z., and Peterson, D.L. 2009. Holocene fire and vegetation dynamics in a montane forest, North Cascade Range, Washington, USA. Quaternary Research 72: 57-67.

Prichard, S.J., Peterson, D.L., and Hammer, R.D. 2000. Soil carbon storage in subalpine forest ecosytems of the Olympic Mountains. Soil Science Society of America Journal 64: 1834-1845.

Raffa, K.F., Aukema, B., Bentz, B.J., Carroll, A., Erbilgin, N., Herms, D.A., Hicke, J.A., Hofstetter, R.W., Katovich, S., Lindgren, B.S., Logan, J., Mattson, W., Munson, A.S., Robison, D.J., Six, D.L., Tobin, P.C., Townsend, P.A., and Wallin, K.F. 2009. A Literal Use of "Forest Health" Safeguards against Misuse and Misapplication. Journal of Forestry 107: 276-277. Notes: ISI: 000268077000013

Raffa, K.F., Aukema, B.H., Bentz, B.J., Carroll, A.L., Hicke, J.A., Turner, M.G., and Romme, W.H. 2008. Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: The dynamics of bark beetle eruptions. BioScience 58: 501-517.

Raymond, C.L. and Peterson, D.L. 2005. Fuel treatments alter the effects of wildfire in a mixed-evergreen forest, Oregon, USA. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 35: 2981-2995.

Raymond, C.L. and Peterson, D.L. 2005. How did prefire treatments affect the Biscuit Fire? Fire Management Today 65: 18-22.

Reardon, B. and Fagre, D.B. 2006. Reassessing a troublesome fact of mountain life: avalanches in Glacier National Park. Park Science 24: 37-39.

Reardon, B.A., Fagre, D.B., Dundas, M., and Lundy, C. 2006. Natural glide slab avalanches, Glacier National Park, USA: a unique hazard and forecasting challenge. Telluride, CO pp. 778-785.

Reardon, B.A., Pederson, G.T., Caruso, C.J., and Fagre, D.B. 2008. Spatial reconstructions and comparisons of historic snow avalanche frequency and extent using tree rings in Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 40: 148-160.

Reiners, W.A., Baker, W.L., Baron, J.S., Debinski, D.M., Elias, S.A., Fagre, D.B., Findley, J.S., Mearns, L.O., Roberts, D.W., Seastedt, T.R., Stohlgren, T.J., Veblen, T.T., and Wagner, F.H. 2003. Natural ecosystems I: The Rocky Mountains. In Rocky Mountain/Great Basin regional climate change assessment. Report for the U.S. Global Change Research Program. Utah State University, Logan, UT. pp. 145-184.

Rochefort, R.M. and Peterson, D.L. 1991. Tree establishment in subalpine meadows of Mount Rainier National Park. The Northwest Environmental Journal 7: 354-355.

Rochefort, R.M. and Peterson, D.L. 1993. Genetic Resource Management Units: managing biodiversity in national parks. In Partners in Stewardship: Seventh Conference on Research and Resource Management in Parks and On Public Lands. George Wright Society, Hancock, MI. pp. 149-153.

Rochefort, R.M. and Peterson, D.L. 1996. Temporal and spatial distribution of trees in subalpine meadows of Mount Rainier National Park. Arctic and Alpine Research 28: 52-59.

Rochefort, R.M. and Peterson, D.L. 2001. Genetic and morphologic variation in Phyllodoce empetriformis and P. glanduliflora (Ericaceae) in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington. Canadian Journal of Botany 79: 179-191.

Rochefort, R.M., Little, R.L., Woodward, A., and Peterson, D.L. 1994. Changes in the distribution of subalpine conifers in western North America: a review of climate and other factors. The Holocene 4: 89-100.

Romme, W.H., Allen, C.D., Bailey, J.D., Baker, W.L., Bestelmeyer, B.T., Brown, P.M., Eisenhart, K.S., Floyd-Hanna, L., Huffman, D.W., Jacobs, B., Miller, R.F., Muldavin, E., Swetnam, T.W., Tausch, R.J., and Weisberg, P.J. 2009. Historical and modern disturbance regimes, stand structures, and landscape dynamics in piñon-juniper vegetation of the western U.S. Rangeland Ecology and Management 62: 203-222.

Roush, W., Munroe, J.S., and Fagre, D.B. 2007. Development of a spatial analysis method using ground based repeat photography to detect changes in the alpine treeline ecotone, Glacier National Park, Montana, U.S.A. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 39: 297-308.

Ryan, M., Archer, S., Birdsey, R., Dahm, C., Heath, L., Hicke, J., Hollinger, D., Huxman, T., Okin, G., Oren, R., Randerson, J., and Schlesinger, W. 2008. Land Resources. In The effects of climate change on agriculture, land resources, water resources, and biodiversity. A Report by the U.S. Climate Change Science Program and the Subcommittee on Global Change Research, Washington, DC, USA. pp. 362.

Sanscrainte, C.L. and Peterson, D.L. 2003. Carbon storage and soil properties in late-successional and second-growth subalpine forests in the North Cascade Range, Washington. Northwest Science 77: 297-307.

Sanscrainte, C.L. and Peterson, D.L. 2003. Carbon storage in subalpine tree islands, North Cascade Range, Washington. Northwest Science 77: 255-268.

Sisk, T.D., Savage, M., Falk, D., Allen, C.D., Muldavin, E., and McCarthy, P. 2005. A landscape perspective for forest restoration. Journal of Forestry 103: 319-320.

Sitts, D.J., Fountain, A.G., and Hoffman, M.J. (In press). Twentieth century glacier change on Mount Adams, Washington, USA. Northwest Science.

Stephenson, N., Peterson, D., Fagre, D., Allen, C.D., McKenzie, D., Baron, J.S., and O'Brian, K. 2007. Response of western mountain ecosystems to climatic variability and change: the Western Mountain Initiative. Mountain Views - CIRMOUNT Newsletter 1: 4-9.

Stephenson, N., Peterson, D.L., Fagre, D.B., Allen, C.D., McKenzie, D., Baron, J.S., and O'Brian, K. 2006. Response of western mountain ecosystems to climatic variability and change: The Western Mountain Initiative. Park Science 24: 24-29.

Stephenson, N.L. and Duque, A.J. 2008. Taking the pulse of mountain forests: the Cordillera Forest Dynamics Network (CORFOR). Mountain Views 2: 18-20.

Stephenson, N.L. and van Mantgem, P.J. 2005. Forest turnover rates follow global and regional patterns of productivity. Ecology Letters 8: 524-531.

Stephenson, N.L., Millar, C.I., and Cole, D.N. 2010. Shifting environmental foundations: the unprecedented and unpredictable future. In Beyond Naturalness: Rethinking Park and Wilderness Stewardship in an Era of Rapid Change. Island Press, Washington, D.C. pp. 50-66.

Stephenson, N.L., van Mantgem, P.J., Byrne, J.C., Daniels, L.D., Franklin, J.F., Fulé, P.Z., Harmon, M.E., Larson, A.J., Smith, J.M., Taylor, A.H., and Veblen, T.T. Response to "Do dead trees tell tales?" - Johnson et al.'s critique of van Mantgem et al.'s "Widespread increase of tree mortality rates in the western United States.". 1-7. 2009. U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Sacramento, California. Ref Type: Generic

Strom, A., Francis, R.C., Mantua, N.J., Miles, E.L., and Peterson, D.L. 2004. North Pacific climate recorded in growth rings of geoduck clams: a new tool for paleoenvironmental reconstruction. Geophysical Research Letters 31: L0626.

Strom, A., Francis, R.C., Mantua, N.J., Miles, E.L., and Peterson, D.L. 2005. Preserving low-frequency climate signals in growth records of geoduck clams (Panopea abrupta). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 228: 167-178.

Tague, C. and Grant, G.E. 2009. Groundwater dynamics mediate low-flow response to global warming in snow-dominated alpine regions. Water Resources Research.

Tague, C., Heyn, K., and Christensen, L. 2009. Topographic controls on spatial patterns of conifer transpiration and net primary productivity under climate warming in mountain ecosystems. Ecohydrology 2: 541-554.

Tague, C.L. 2009. Assessing climate change impacts on alpine stream-flow and vegetation water use: mining the linkages with subsurface hydrologic processes. Hydrological Processes 23: 1815-1819.

Tare, M. Estimating the impact of 21st century climate change on wildfire risk potential using the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI). 2006. California State University, San Jose. Ref Type: Thesis/Dissertation

Theobald, D.M., Baron, J.S., Newman, P., Noon, B., Norman III, J.B., Leinwand, I., Linn, S.E., Sherer, R., Williams, K.E., and Hartman, M. 2010. A Natural Resource Condition Assessment for Rocky Mountain National Park. Rep. National Park Service Natural Resource Report NPS/NRPC/WRD/NRR-2010/228.

Touchan, R.C., Woodhouse, C., Meko, D., and Allen, C.D. (In press). Millennial precipitation reconstruction for the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico, reveals changing drought signal. International Journal of Climate.

Tyler, M.W. and Peterson, D.L. 2003. Effects of forest policy on landscape pattern of late-seral forest of the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 101: 289-306.

Tyler, M.W. and Peterson, D.L. 2006. Vascular plant species diversity in low-elevation coniferous forests of the western Olympic Peninsula: a legacy of land use. Northwest Science 80: 224-238.

U.S.Geological Survey 2007. Facing tomorrow's challenges - US Geological Survey science in the decade 2007-2017. USGS Circular 1309. Notes: Jill Baron was a contributing author to this report

van Mantgem, P.J. and Schwartz, M. 2004. An experimental demonstration of stem damage as a predictor of fire-caused mortality for ponderosa pine. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 34: 1343-1347.

van Mantgem, P.J. and Stephenson, N.L. 2004. Does coring contribute to tree mortality? Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 34: 2394-2398.

van Mantgem, P.J. and Stephenson, N.L. 2005. The accuracy of matrix population model projections for coniferous trees in the Sierra Nevada, California. Journal of Ecology 93: 737-747.

van Mantgem, P.J. and Stephenson, N.L. 2007. Apparent climatically-induced increase of tree mortality rates in a temperate forest. Ecology Letters 10: 909-916.

van Mantgem, P.J. and Stephenson, N.L. 2007. Increasing tree deaths in California's Sierra Nevada parallel temperature-driven increases in droughtv. Mountain Views 1: 9-10.

van Mantgem, P.J. and Stephenson, N.L. 2007. Tree deaths in California's Sierra Nevada increase as temperatures rise. People, Land, and Water.

van Mantgem, P.J. and Stephenson, N.L. 2007. Tree deaths in California's Sierra Nevada increase as temperatures rise. Publication Brief for Resource Managers. USGS Western Ecological Research Center.

van Mantgem, P.J., Stephenson, N.L., and Keeley, J.E. 2006. Forest reproduction along a climatic gradient in the Sierra Nevada, California. Forest Ecology and Management 225: 391-399.

van Mantgem, P.J., Stephenson, N.L., and Keeley, J.E. 2006. Variability of forest reproduction across elevation in the Sierra Nevada. Forest Ecology and Management 225: 391-399.

van Mantgem, P.J., Stephenson, N.L., Byrne, J.C., Daniels, L.D., Franklin, J.F., Fulé, P.Z., Harmon, M.E., Larson, A.J., Smith, J.M., Taylor, A.H., and Veblen, T.T. 2009. Widespread increase of tree mortality rates in the western United States. Science 323: 521-524.

van Mantgem, P.J., Stephenson, N.L., Keifer, M., and Keeley, J.E. 2004. Effects of an introduced pathogen and fire exclusion on the demography of sugar pine. Ecological Applications 14: 1590-1602.

Veblen, T.T. and Donnegan, J.A. 2004. Historical range of variability assessment for forest vegetation of the National Forests of the Colorado Front Range, Colorado. Rep. Agreement No. 1102-0001-99-033 with the University of Colorado, Boulder.

Watson, E., Pederson, G.T., Luckman, B.H., and Fagre, D.B. 2008. Glacier mass balance in the northern U.S. and Canadian Rockies: paleo-perspectives and 20th century change. Darkening Peaks: Glacier Retreat, Science, and Society 141-153.

Wiedinmyer, C., Quayle, B., Geron, C., Belote, A., McKenzie, D., Zhang, X., O'Neill, S.M., and Wynne, K.K. 2006. Estimating emissions from fires in North America for air quality modeling. Atmospheric Environment 40: 3419-3432.

Wilcox, B.P., Breshears, D.D., and Allen, C.D. 2003. Ecohydrology of a resource-conserving semiarid woodland: Temporal and spatial scaling and disturbance. Ecological Monographs 73: 223-239.

Williams, A.P., Allen, C.D., Swetnam, T.W., Millar, C.I., Michaelsen, J., Still, C.J., and Leavitt, S.W. (In press). Forest responses to increasing aridity and warmth in southwestern North America. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.

Wuerthner, G. 2006. Wildfire: A century of failed forest policy. Island Press 322. Notes:

Contains reprints of two formerly published articles: Allen, C. D., M. Savage, D. A. Falk, K. F. Suckling, T. W. Swetnam, T. Schulke, P. B. Stacey, P. Morgan, M. Hoffman, and J. Klingel. 2002. Ecological restoration of Southwestern ponderosa pine ecosystems: A broad perspective. Ecological Applications 12:1418-1433; and Swetnam, T. W., C. D. Allen, and J. L. Betancourt. 1999. Applied historical ecology: Using the past to manage for the future. Ecological Applications 9:1189-1206.

Zemp, M., Haeberli, W., Bajracharya, S., Chinn, T.J., Fountain, A.G., Hagen, J.O., Huggel, C., Kääb, A., Kaltenborn, B.P., Karki, M., Kaser, G., Kotlyakov, V.M., Lambrechts, C., Li, Z.Q., Molnia, B.F., Mool, P., Nellemann, C., Novikov, V., Osipova, G.B., Rivera, A., Shrestha, B., Svoboda, F., Tsvetkov, D.G., and Yao, T.D. 2007. Glaciers and ice caps. Part I: Global overview and outlook. Part II: Glacier changes around the world. In: UNEP: Global outlook for ice & snow. In UNEP: Global outlook for ice & snow. UNEP/GRID, Arendal, Norway. pp. 115-152.

Zolbrod, A.N. and Peterson, D.L. 1999. Response of high-elevation forests in the Olympic Mountains to climatic change. Canadian Journal of Forest Research-Revue Canadienne De Recherche Forestiere 29: 1966-1978.